This chapter provides an overview of how the Irish Sea customs border established under the Protocol functions in practice and

The introduction of a new regulatory and customs border has made it more difficult and more expensive to trade with

With the quantity of trade at stake, such terms should not be the sole preserve of customs specialists.   First

UKTPO Briefing Paper 41 by Michael Gasiorek and Anna Jerzewska. Available (HERE).   Key Points   The UK Government’s Command

While the world battles the Covid-19 pandemic, the UK Government’s decision not to request an extension to the transition period

The UK is due to leave the EU on the 31st January 2020. A new stage of the Brexit process

With Brexit less than 100 days away, the prospect of no deal is more likely than ever. The UK’s transitional

Even though free trade agreements (FTAs) have proliferated for several decades, researchers still don’t fully understand their effects. In the

In the context of Brexit, a customs union has always been a half-way option that doesn’t offer the same benefits

The concept of a frictionless border is a constant theme of the Brexit debate. There is no such thing as

Text on the joint initiative by the ITC, WCO and WTO which helps micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) benefit

By David Henig and Anna Jerzewska Originally published by the UK Trade Forum (HERE).   “I’m from the government and

As the UK negotiates its exit from the EU, rules of origin are becoming a key topic. Even if the

When the UK exits the EU, it will forfeit access to the Pan-Euro-Med (PEM) cumulation zone. In this article, the

Access to preferential import tariffs under a free trade agreement (FTA) is governed by clearly defined rules of origin designed

Can Free Trade Agreements keep up with the increasingly complex and changing global value chains? Can the preferential origin regime

This study focuses on the use of FTAs by Japanese corporations – FTAs’ main clients – to date. It asks

Review of the key criticism of the investor-to-state dispute settlement mechanism (ISDS) in the context of new FTA negotiations taking